Fabrication of fluorinated polyimide optical waveguides by micropen direct writing technology

A novel and cheap direct writing method based on the micropen has been developed to fabricate fluorinated polyimide stripe optical waveguides on Si/SiO₂ wafers. The overall design, starting material, micropen direct writing system and fabrication processes of the stripe optical waveguides are presented. The effects of the key direct writing parameters, such as the tip-to-substrate distance, extrusive gas pressure, writing speed and viscosity of the polyamic acid, on the dimension and morphology of the stripe optical waveguides are discussed in detail. After deposition by the micropen system and baking process, the fluorinated polyimide stripe optical waveguides with good morphology and surface quality can be fabricated using the optimal parameters. The propagation losses at the wavelength of 1.55 μm are in the range of 1.4-3.5 dB cm⁻¹ as characterized by different length combinations of the strip optical waveguides.     

内锥式流量计数值模拟及优化设计

多相流过程参数的准确测量在石油化工与冶金工业等工业过程中十分重要。内锥式流量计作为一种新型差压流量计在多相流测量中逐渐受到关注,它能在较短的直管段条件下对流体实现准确的测量,但其结构尚存在优化的空间,需进行深入研究。本文对传统内锥式流量计做结构变形和优化研究,利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对DN50 mm水平管道中内锥变形体的流场进行数值模拟,分析在不同结构参数下锥体的水力特性以优化结构。数值仿真结果表明,综合内锥式流量计在取压点、永久压损及测量精确度等因素,优化后的结构可以显著降低永久压损,提高测量重复性和精确度。     

北半球环流系统季节内及年际以上振荡信号的信息传输

利用NCEP/NCAR月平均高度场再分析资料,分别提取季节内和年际以上振荡的基本特征和形式,运用信息传输理论分析这两种振荡信号的信息在低纬度与中高纬度间的传输.发现季节内振荡信号信息损失率较年际以上的偏大,且在特定地区这两种振荡信号的信息具有反向传输的特征;空间传输的水平分布上,两种振荡信号均表现为纬向上低纬度信息损失率大且海陆分布差异显著;空间传输的垂直分布上,年际以上振荡信号的低纬度高空信息损失率较大,中高纬度从对流层至平流层底信息损失率都较小,而季节内振荡信号则是低空信息损失率大,高空信息损失率小. 关键词： 滤波 高度场 信息损失率     

THz波在金属镀层空芯波导中传输的理论和实验研究

本文基于微扰法求得不同金属镀层空心圆波导中各模式的损耗系数,对金属镀层空芯波导中THz波传输损耗随金属材料、波导结构等参数的变化关系进行了数值模拟.根据数值分析结果,优化设计并拉制了内径为1.1 mm的镀银空芯波导,实验测得当THz波的频率为2.5 THz时,传输损耗为8.6 dB/m,实现了THz波短距离的有效传输. 关键词： 太赫兹波 金属空芯波导 传输损耗     

The influence of compressive stress applied by hard coatings on the power loss of grain oriented electrical steel sheet

To reduce the core loss of electrical steel the vacuum arc ion plating technique has been used to deposit titanium nitride (TiN) layers on highly grain oriented electrical steel sheets. The layer thickness, the stresses of layers and coated sheets and the achieved reduction in core losses have been measured as functions of coating duration and applied bias voltage. Well adhered layers with high compressive stress up to 6.8 GPa have been produced. With increasing bias voltage the layer thickness decreases and the intrinsic stress of the layers increase. A further increase of bias voltage leads to a drop in stress due to thermal relaxation. In general, the tensile stress of the coated sheets rises with increasing layer thickness while the core loss of the coated material decreases with increasing tensile stress of the steel sheet and increasing bias voltage. The highest reduction of core loss has been found to be 28% (from P_1.7=0.86 W/kg for commercially coated HGO electrical steel sheet with glass film to 0.62 W/kg for TiN coated material) and is due to the reduction of excess loss only.     

Effect of annealing prior to cold rolling on magnetic and mechanical properties of low carbon non-oriented electrical steels

The effects of annealing prior to cold rolling on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of low-C grain non-oriented (GNO) electrical steels have been investigated. The grain structure of hot-rolled electrical steel strips is modified by annealing at temperatures between 700 and 1050 °C. Annealing at temperatures less than the ferrite to austenite+ferrite transformation temperature on heating (Ac₁) causes a marginal effect on the grain size. However, annealing in the intercritical region at temperatures between Ac₁ and Ac₃ (the ferrite+austenite to austenite transformation temperature on heating) causes rapid decarburization and development of large columnar ferrite grains free of carbide particles. This microstructure leads, after cold rolling and a fast annealing treatment, to carbide free, large ferrite grain microstructures with magnetic and mechanical properties superior to those observed typically in the same steel in the industrially fully processed condition. These results are attributed to the increment in grain size and to the {1 0 0} fiber texture developed during the final annealing at temperatures up to 850 °C. Annealing at higher temperatures, T>Ac₃, results in a strong {1 1 1} fiber texture and an increase of the quantity of second phase particles present in the microstructure, which lead to a negative effect on the final properties. The results suggest that annealing prior to cold rolling offers an attractive alternative processing route for the manufacture of fully processed low C GNO electrical steels strips.     

The role of matching thickness on the wideband electromagnetic wave suppresser using single layer doped barium ferrite

The effect of Mg²⁺, Co²⁺and Ti⁴⁺ substitution on microwave absorption has been studied for BaMg_0.5Co_0.5Ti_1.0Fe₁₀O₁₉ ferrite-acrylic resin composite in frequency range from 13 to 20 GHz. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vector network analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were employed to analyze structure, electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of prepared ferrite. The obtained results of reflectivity demonstrate that by varying matching thickness along with weight percentage of ferrite to acrylic resin, the bandwidth coupled with reflection loss values of prepared composites can be easily tuned. Based on microwave measurement on reflectivity, it is found that BaMg_0.5Co_0.5Ti_1.0Fe₁₀O₁₉ is a good candidate for wideband electromagnetic compatibility and other practical applications at high frequency.     

以“偏光显微镜观察高聚物的球晶”为例的高分子物理实验项目改革

本文对高分子物理实验教学改革进行了思考,提出实验项目的建设应当成为实验教学改革的核心,而实验项目的改革不应当局限在将最新的科研成果引入到实验教学中。以"偏光显微镜观察聚合物的球晶"这一传统实验为例,更为有效的办法可以是通过系统化的设计扩展实验项目内容,注重实验项目实施过程中多知识点的串联以及实验结果获取过程的思维过程培养,从而将传统的验证性实验项目转化为综合性实验项目,有力提升实验教学的效果。     

Thermokinetic studies of the groups on TiO2 surface

The properties of groups on TiO₂ surface were evaluated by infrared (IR) spectra and thermal analysis. It could be found that water and ethanol are removed mainly between 343 and 363 K and the process is accompanied by an endothermic change. The results also show that ethanol could be removed completely below 673 K and the physically bonded or hydrogen‐bonded water could be removed almost completely above 873 K. The exothermic peaks ranging from 573 to 773 K are caused by the changes that chemisorbed water (Ti‐O‐H) on the surface condenses and evolves into water. There appears broad and unstable endothermic process in all temperature ranges due to the adhesions or transformations among the crystal particles. Thermogravimetry (TG) results show that with heat treatment at increasing temperatures, the groups on TiO₂ surface decreases gradually. The half peak breadth of X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) results suggest that TiO₂ crystallize better with higher temperature calcination. The photo‐catalytic efficiency was evaluated by UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. TiO₂ with heat treatment at higher temperature shows more effective photo‐catalytic property. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An extended class of minimax generalized Bayes estimators of regression coefficients

We derive minimax generalized Bayes estimators of regression coefficients in the general linear model with spherically symmetric errors under invariant quadratic loss for the case of unknown scale. The class of estimators generalizes the class considered in Maruyama and Strawderman [Y. Maruyama, W.E. Strawderman, A new class of generalized Bayes minimax ridge regression estimators, Ann. Statist., 33 (2005) 1753–1770] to include non-monotone shrinkage functions.